{"id":1756,"date":"2015-09-21T08:20:02","date_gmt":"2015-09-21T08:20:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wp.kmnu.or.id\/?p=1756"},"modified":"2015-09-21T08:20:02","modified_gmt":"2015-09-21T08:20:02","slug":"kiswah-1-metode-mencari-ilmu-demi-kemanfaatan-sebuah-catatan-tentang-kitab-talim-mutaalim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kmnu-old.kiarta.id\/index.php\/2015\/09\/21\/kiswah-1-metode-mencari-ilmu-demi-kemanfaatan-sebuah-catatan-tentang-kitab-talim-mutaalim\/","title":{"rendered":"Kiswah #1: Metode Mencari Ilmu demi Kemanfaatan, Sebuah Catatan tentang Kitab Talim Mutaalim"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Khazanah\u00a0keilmuan\u00a0islam\u00a0 memeiliki\u00a0berbagai\u00a0macam\u00a0 sumber\u00a0keilmuan\u00a0yang\u00a0 berlimpah.\u00a0Baik\u00a0dalam\u00a0 bidang\u00a0ilmu\u00a0agama,\u00a0 ilmu\u00a0sosial\u00a0hingga\u00a0 ilmu\u00a0alam.\u00a0Buahnya,\u00a0 banyak\u00a0sekali\u00a0kitab-kitab\u00a0 karangan\u00a0para\u00a0ulama\u00a0 islam\u00a0yang\u00a0sampai\u00a0 saat\u00a0ini\u00a0masih\u00a0 menjadi\u00a0rujukan\u00a0di\u00a0berbagai\u00a0 lembaga\u00a0pendidikan\u00a0islam,\u00a0 baik\u00a0yang\u00a0formal\u00a0 maupun\u00a0yang\u00a0informal\u00a0 semisal\u00a0pesantren.\u00a0 Salah\u00a0 satu\u00a0kitab\u00a0tersebut\u00a0 ialah\u00a0<em>Ta\u2019lim\u00a0Muta\u2019alim<\/em>\u00a0karangan\u00a0 Syaikh\u00a0az-Zarnuji.<\/p>\n<p>Sang\u00a0penulis\u00a0menulis\u00a0 kitab\u00a0ini\u00a0karena\u00a0 merasakan\u00a0keresahan\u00a0yang\u00a0 sangat\u00a0besar\u00a0dalam\u00a0 gejala\u00a0sosial\u00a0di\u00a0masyarakat\u00a0 kala\u00a0 itu.\u00a0 Dikisahkannya\u00a0 bahwa\u00a0kian\u00a0banyak\u00a0 orang\u00a0yang\u00a0menuntut\u00a0 ilmu,\u00a0tetapi\u00a0hanya\u00a0 sedikit\u00a0yang\u00a0mendapat\u00a0 kemanfaatannya.\u00a0Hal\u00a0 yang\u00a0 demikianlah\u00a0yang\u00a0 membuat\u00a0sang\u00a0penulis\u00a0 semakin\u00a0mantap\u00a0untuk\u00a0 menulis\u00a0kitab\u00a0ini.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p><em>Ta\u2019lim\u00a0Muta\u2019lim\u00a0<\/em>berisikan\u00a0 beberapa\u00a0metode\u00a0yang\u00a0 digunakan\u00a0dalam\u00a0mencari\u00a0 ilmu.\u00a0Didalam\u00a0 metodenya, niat\u00a0merupakan\u00a0 elemen\u00a0pertama\u00a0yang\u00a0 pertama\u00a0kali\u00a0harus\u00a0 ditata. Niat\u00a0yang\u00a0baik\u00a0 sejak\u00a0awal,\u00a0diharapkan\u00a0 jalan\u00a0yang\u00a0akan\u00a0 ditemuh\u00a0selama\u00a0 menuntut\u00a0ilmu\u00a0akan\u00a0 semakin\u00a0mudah\u00a0karena\u00a0 sejak\u00a0awal\u00a0telah\u00a0 menemukan\u00a0peta\u00a0petunjuk\u00a0 tetap\u00a0selama\u00a0mengarungi\u00a0 lautan\u00a0 ilmu\u00a0tersebut.\u00a0Sepatutnya,\u00a0 orang\u00a0yang\u00a0menuntut\u00a0 ilmu\u00a0itu\u00a0haruslah\u00a0 dengan\u00a0niatan\u00a0:\u00a0Mengharap\u00a0 Ridho\u00a0Allah\u00a0 (<em>ibtigho\u2019\u00a0 mardhotillah<\/em>), \u00a0 Menghidup-hidupi\u00a0agama\u00a0(<em>ihya\u2019\u00a0ad-din<\/em>)\u00a0 (karena\u00a0agama\u00a0bisa\u00a0 hidup\u00a0karena\u00a0 banyak\u00a0\u2018alim\u00a0yang\u00a0 paham\u00a0akan\u00a0 ilmu)\u00a0 dan\u00a0menghilangkan\u00a0 kebodohan\u00a0(<em>izalah\u00a0al\u00a0jahalah<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>Setiap\u00a0keadaan\u00a0belajar,\u00a0 niat\u00a0baik\u00a0merupakan\u00a0 sebuah\u00a0keniscayaan\u00a0untuk\u00a0 dihapuskan.\u00a0Tetapi\u00a0ada\u00a0 kalanya\u00a0keadaan\u00a0memaksa\u00a0 kita\u00a0untuk\u00a0melaksanakan\u00a0 niat\u00a0yang\u00a0berbeda\u00a0 dari\u00a0\u2018<strong>niat\u00a0murni<\/strong>\u2019\u00a0menuntut\u00a0 ilmu\u00a0itu\u00a0sendiri.\u00a0 Seperti\u00a0kisah\u00a0yang\u00a0 dilalui\u00a0oleh\u00a0 Imam\u00a0 Ghozali (<em>hujjatul\u00a0Islam<\/em>) yang bercerita\u00a0dalam\u00a0kitab\u00a0\u00a0<em>Ihya\u00a0Ulumuddin<\/em>,\u00a0kitab\u00a0 karangannya,\u00a0bahwa\u00a0beliau\u00a0 sudah\u00a0menuntut\u00a0 ilmu\u00a0saat\u00a0kecil,\u00a0 kemudian\u00a0ayahnya\u00a0 pun\u00a0meninggal.\u00a0Lalu\u00a0 beliau\u00a0dan\u00a0adik\u00a0 beliau\u00a0(Imam\u00a0 Ahmad)\u00a0dititipkan\u00a0 ke\u00a0teman\u00a0ayahnya,\u00a0 yang\u00a0hidupnya\u00a0pun\u00a0 masih\u00a0belum\u00a0berkecukupan.\u00a0 Di\u00a0saat\u00a0uang\u00a0peninggalan\u00a0 ayahnya\u00a0sudah\u00a0habis,\u00a0 mereka\u00a0hanya\u00a0cukup\u00a0 untuk\u00a0hidup\u00a0saja.\u00a0 Kemudian\u00a0teman\u00a0ayah\u00a0 beliau\u00a0tersebut\u00a0memberi\u00a0 saran\u00a0agar\u00a0Imam\u00a0 Ghozali\u00a0dan\u00a0adiknya\u00a0 untuk\u00a0masuk\u00a0dan\u00a0 belajar\u00a0di\u00a0Madrosah\u00a0Nidzomiyyaah.\u00a0 Madrasah\u00a0yang\u00a0saat\u00a0 itu\u00a0dipimpin\u00a0oleh\u00a0 Imam\u00a0al-Haromain.\u00a0Disana\u00a0 menyediakan\u00a0tempat\u00a0 tinggal\u00a0 dan\u00a0makan\u00a0secara\u00a0gratis\u00a0 bagi\u00a0yang\u00a0ngaji\u00a0di\u00a0madrasah\u00a0 tersebut.\u00a0Akhirnya\u00a0Imam\u00a0 Ghozali\u00a0dan\u00a0adiknya\u00a0masuk\u00a0 madrasah\u00a0tersebut,\u00a0dengan\u00a0 niatan\u00a0untuk\u00a0mendapatkan\u00a0 makan\u00a0serta\u00a0tempat\u00a0 tinggal.\u00a0Jadi\u00a0hal\u00a0 tersebut\u00a0boleh\u00a0saja\u00a0 dilakukan,\u00a0 dengan\u00a0niat\u00a0seperti\u00a0itu,\u00a0 hanya\u00a0saja\u00a0tidak\u00a0 seterusnya\u00a0seperti\u00a0itu.\u00a0 Alangkah\u00a0baiknya\u00a0jika\u00a0 dengan\u00a0tajdidun\u00a0niat\u00a0 (memperbaharui\u00a0 niat\u00a0tetapi\u00a0niatnya\u00a0baik).<\/p>\n<p>Niat\u00a0tentu\u00a0hanya\u00a0 merupakan\u00a0salah\u00a0satu\u00a0 jalan\u00a0saja.\u00a0Jika\u00a0hanya\u00a0 berniat\u00a0tanpa\u00a0praktek\u00a0 maka\u00a0akan\u00a0menjadi\u00a0 hal\u00a0yang\u00a0 percuma.\u00a0 Harusah\u00a0kita\u00a0berani\u00a0 untuk\u00a0mengarungi\u00a0kerasnya\u00a0 pusaran\u00a0proses\u00a0dalam\u00a0 menuntut\u00a0ilmu.\u00a0Ada\u00a0 kalanya\u00a0dalam\u00a0perjalanan\u00a0 menuntut\u00a0ilmu,\u00a0kita\u00a0 mengahadapi\u00a0godaan\u00a0atau\u00a0 gangguan\u00a0yang\u00a0bisa\u00a0 membelokkan\u00a0niat,\u00a0yang\u00a0 telah\u00a0menjadi\u00a0tujuan\u00a0 dan\u00a0 semangat\u00a0sejak\u00a0di\u00a0awal\u00a0 niat.\u00a0Maka\u00a0keseriusan\u00a0 dalam\u00a0hal\u00a0ini\u00a0sangat\u00a0 diperlukan\u00a0agar\u00a0tak\u00a0 ada\u00a0pembelokan\u00a0dan\u00a0 sikap\u00a0tidak\u00a0 konsisten\u00a0 selama\u00a0belajar\u00a0 di\u00a0usia\u00a0mahasiswa.\u00a0 Caranya\u00a0supaya\u00a0hal\u00a0 tersebut\u00a0tidak\u00a0terjadi\u00a0 ialah\u00a0dengan\u00a0mencari\u00a0 kawan\u00a0yang\u00a0 selalu\u00a0paham\u00a0dan\u00a0mengingatkan\u00a0 akan\u00a0tujuan\u00a0kita,\u00a0tujuan\u00a0hidup\u00a0 dan\u00a0tujuan\u00a0mencari\u00a0ilmu.<\/p>\n<p>Tak\u00a0berhenti\u00a0disana, di\u00a0bagian\u00a0kitab\u00a0yang\u00a0lain,\u00a0 Syaikh\u00a0az-Zarnuji\u00a0menukil\u00a0 sebuah\u00a0saran\u00a0dan\u00a0perkataan\u00a0 dari\u00a0Sayyidina\u00a0Ali,\u00a0 yang\u00a0merupakan\u00a0sepupu\u00a0 dan\u00a0shohabat\u00a0nabi.\u00a0\u00a0Beliau\u00a0 menerangka\u00a0mengenai\u00a0enam\u00a0 hal\u00a0yang\u00a0wajib\u00a0 dillakukan\u00a0oleh\u00a0 para\u00a0 pencari\u00a0ilmu. Sayyidina\u00a0Ali\u00a0karromallahu\u00a0 wajhah\u00a0berkata: &#8220;Kalian\u00a0tidak\u00a0akan\u00a0memperoleh\u00a0ilmu\u00a0melainkan\u00a0dengan\u00a06\u00a0hal.&#8221; Keenam hal tersebut adalah:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1.\u00a0\u00a0<em>\u00a0Dzuka\u2019in\u00a0<\/em>(cerdas)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Cerdas\u00a0disini\u00a0maksudnya\u00a0 adalah\u00a0memiliki\u00a0daya\u00a0 pikir\u00a0dan\u00a0daya\u00a0nalar.\u00a0 Selain\u00a0itu\u00a0juga,\u00a0 dzuka\u2019in\u00a0disini\u00a0 memiliki\u00a0arti\u00a0 waras\u00a0 atau\u00a0tidak\u00a0gila<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<em>Hirshin<\/em>\u00a0(mahabbah\/cinta\u00a0pada\u00a0ilmunya)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Beberapa\u00a0bentuk\u00a0mencintai\u00a0 ilmu\u00a0adalah\u00a0belajar\u00a0 dalam\u00a0keadaan\u00a0berwudhu,\u00a0 belajar\u00a0dengan\u00a0posisi\u00a0 menghadap\u00a0kiblat,\u00a0 menghormati\u00a0guru\u00a0dan\u00a0 bersungguh-sungguh\u00a0dalam\u00a0belajar<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<em>Ishtibarin<\/em>\u00a0(sabar)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Menuntut\u00a0ilmu\u00a0itu\u00a0harus\u00a0 dengan\u00a0sabar,\u00a0karena\u00a0ilmu\u00a0merupakan\u00a0 karunia\u00a0Allah<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<em>Bulghotin<\/em>\u00a0(bermodal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Modal\u00a0bisa\u00a0berupa\u00a0harta\u00a0 benda\u00a0yang\u00a0digunakan\u00a0untuk\u00a0 mencukupi\u00a0kebutuhan\u00a0dalam\u00a0menuntut\u00a0ilmu<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<em>Irsyadi\u00a0ustadzin<\/em>\u00a0(petunjuk\u00a0guru)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Menuntut\u00a0ilmu\u00a0itu\u00a0 harus\u00a0ada\u00a0gurunya\u00a0 (salah satunya dengan metode\u00a0\u00a0<em>talaqqi<\/em>),\u00a0kalau\u00a0tidak\u00a0 ada\u00a0gurunya,\u00a0maka\u00a0 dikhawatirkan\u00a0gurunya\u00a0adalah\u00a0 syaithon.\u00a0Karena\u00a0guru\u00a0akan\u00a0 dipertanggungjawabkan\u00a0kelak.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>6.\u00a0\u00a0<em>Thuli\u00a0zamanin<\/em>\u00a0(waktu\u00a0yang\u00a0lama)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Waktu\u00a0lama\u00a0disini\u00a0tidak\u00a0 hanya\u00a0dimaknai\u00a0secara\u00a0kuantitasnya,\u00a0 namun\u00a0juga\u00a0secara\u00a0 kualitasnya.\u00a0Selain\u00a0itu\u00a0 juga\u00a0 waktu\u00a0lama\u00a0bisa\u00a0dimaknai\u00a0 dengan\u00a0keisiqomahan\u00a0dalam\u00a0belajar.<\/p>\n<p>Metode-metode\u00a0yang\u00a0 dipaparkan\u00a0oleh\u00a0Syeikh\u00a0 Az-Zarnuji\u00a0dalam\u00a0kitabnya\u00a0 ini\u00a0memanglah\u00a0hanya\u00a0 satu\u00a0dari\u00a0sekian\u00a0 banyak\u00a0 metode\u00a0 yang\u00a0diajarkan\u00a0 oleh\u00a0para\u00a0ulama\u00a0 islam.\u00a0Tetapi\u00a0alangkah\u00a0 baiknya\u00a0jika\u00a0kita\u00a0 mencoba\u00a0untuk\u00a0menggunakan\u00a0 ini.\u00a0Kitab\u00a0 ini\u00a0telah\u00a0diajarkan\u00a0 di\u00a0berbagai\u00a0lembaga\u00a0 pendidikan\u00a0islam\u00a0di\u00a0indonesia,\u00a0 terutama\u00a0di\u00a0pesantren-pesantren.\u00a0Hal\u00a0 tersebut\u00a0telah\u00a0 manandakan\u00a0bahwa\u00a0metode\u00a0 ini\u00a0layak\u00a0digunakan\u00a0 dalam\u00a0proses\u00a0kita\u00a0 selama\u00a0menuntut\u00a0ilmu.\u00a0 Kelak\u00a0bukan\u00a0hanya\u00a0 ilmu\u00a0yang\u00a0 didapat\u00a0tetapi\u00a0kemanfaatan\u00a0 dan\u00a0berkah\u00a0dari\u00a0ilmu\u00a0juga\u00a0 akan\u00a0diperoleh. (<strong>Arina Rosyidah<\/strong>)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Oleh\u00a0: Hamim\u00a0Thohari<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Khazanah\u00a0keilmuan\u00a0islam\u00a0 memeiliki\u00a0berbagai\u00a0macam\u00a0 sumber\u00a0keilmuan\u00a0yang\u00a0 berlimpah.\u00a0Baik\u00a0dalam\u00a0 bidang\u00a0ilmu\u00a0agama,\u00a0 ilmu\u00a0sosial\u00a0hingga\u00a0 ilmu\u00a0alam.\u00a0Buahnya,\u00a0 banyak\u00a0sekali\u00a0kitab-kitab\u00a0 karangan\u00a0para\u00a0ulama\u00a0 islam\u00a0yang\u00a0sampai\u00a0 saat\u00a0ini\u00a0masih\u00a0 menjadi\u00a0rujukan\u00a0di\u00a0berbagai\u00a0 lembaga\u00a0pendidikan\u00a0islam,\u00a0 baik\u00a0yang\u00a0formal\u00a0 maupun\u00a0yang\u00a0informal\u00a0 semisal\u00a0pesantren.\u00a0 Salah\u00a0 satu\u00a0kitab\u00a0tersebut\u00a0 ialah\u00a0Ta\u2019lim\u00a0Muta\u2019alim\u00a0karangan\u00a0 Syaikh\u00a0az-Zarnuji. Sang\u00a0penulis\u00a0menulis\u00a0 kitab\u00a0ini\u00a0karena\u00a0 merasakan\u00a0keresahan\u00a0yang\u00a0 sangat\u00a0besar\u00a0dalam\u00a0 gejala\u00a0sosial\u00a0di\u00a0masyarakat\u00a0 kala\u00a0 itu.\u00a0 Dikisahkannya\u00a0 bahwa\u00a0kian\u00a0banyak\u00a0 orang\u00a0yang\u00a0menuntut\u00a0 ilmu,\u00a0tetapi\u00a0hanya\u00a0 sedikit\u00a0yang\u00a0mendapat\u00a0 kemanfaatannya.\u00a0Hal\u00a0 yang\u00a0 demikianlah\u00a0yang\u00a0 membuat\u00a0sang\u00a0penulis\u00a0 semakin\u00a0mantap\u00a0untuk\u00a0 menulis\u00a0kitab\u00a0ini.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1761,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kmnu-old.kiarta.id\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1756"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kmnu-old.kiarta.id\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kmnu-old.kiarta.id\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kmnu-old.kiarta.id\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kmnu-old.kiarta.id\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1756"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kmnu-old.kiarta.id\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1756\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kmnu-old.kiarta.id\/index.php\/wp-json\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kmnu-old.kiarta.id\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1756"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kmnu-old.kiarta.id\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1756"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kmnu-old.kiarta.id\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1756"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}